Based on the A-Level Physics syllabus (9702) for 2025–2027 and the past exam questions provided, here is the structured list of concepts, principles, and laws that require a formal definition or statement.
(Note: Topics from older syllabuses present in your past paper images, such as Operational Amplifiers and Telecommunications/Modulation, have been excluded as they are not part of the provided 2025–2027 syllabus).
12 Motion in a circle
12.1 Kinematics of uniform circular motion
- Radian
12.2 Centripetal acceleration
- Centripetal acceleration
13 Gravitational fields
13.1 Gravitational field
- Gravitational field (and Field of force)
- Gravitational field line (Line of force in a gravitational field)
- Gravitational field strength
13.2 Gravitational force between point masses
- Newton’s law of gravitation
- Geostationary orbit
13.4 Gravitational potential
- Gravitational potential at a point
14 Temperature
14.1 Thermal equilibrium
- Thermal equilibrium
14.2 Temperature scales
- Absolute zero
14.3 Specific heat capacity and specific latent heat
- Specific heat capacity
- Specific latent heat
- Specific latent heat of fusion
- Specific latent heat of vaporisation
15 Ideal gases
15.1 The mole
- Mole
- Avogadro constant
15.2 Equation of state
- Ideal gas
15.3 Kinetic theory of gases
- Basic assumptions of the kinetic theory of gases
16 Thermodynamics
16.1 Internal energy
- Internal energy of a system
16.2 The first law of thermodynamics
- First law of thermodynamics
17 Oscillations
17.1 Simple harmonic oscillations
- Simple harmonic motion
- Frequency of an oscillation
- Angular frequency
17.3 Damped and forced oscillations, resonance
- Damping
- Resonance
- Natural frequency of vibration
18 Electric fields
18.1 Electric fields and field lines
- Electric field
- Electric field line (Line of force in an electric field)
- Electric field strength
18.3 Electric force between point charges
- Coulomb’s law
18.5 Electric potential
- Electric potential at a point
19 Capacitance
19.1 Capacitors and capacitance
- Capacitance (of a parallel-plate capacitor)
20 Magnetic fields
20.1 Concept of a magnetic field
- Magnetic field
20.2 Force on a current-carrying conductor
- Magnetic flux density
- The tesla (unit)
20.5 Electromagnetic induction
- Magnetic flux
- Magnetic flux linkage
- Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction
- Lenz’s law of electromagnetic induction
21 Alternating currents
21.1 Characteristics of alternating currents
- Frequency of an alternating current
- Root-mean-square (r.m.s.) value of an alternating current / voltage
21.2 Rectification and smoothing
- Rectification
- Smoothing
22 Quantum physics
22.1 Energy and momentum of a photon
- Photon
22.2 Photoelectric effect
- Photoelectric effect
- Threshold frequency
- Work function energy
22.3 Wave-particle duality
- Wave-particle duality
- de Broglie wavelength
23 Nuclear physics
23.1 Mass defect and nuclear binding energy
- Mass defect of a nucleus
- Nuclear binding energy
- Nuclear fusion
- Nuclear fission
23.2 Radioactive decay
- Radioactive decay
- Spontaneous nature of decay
- Random nature of decay
- Activity of a radioactive sample
- Decay constant
- Half-life
24 Medical physics
24.1 Production and use of ultrasound
- Specific acoustic impedance
- Attenuation (of an ultrasound wave)
24.2 Production and use of X-rays
- Sharpness of an X-ray image
- Contrast in an X-ray image
- Hardness of an X-ray beam
24.3 PET scanning
- Tracer
- Annihilation
25 Astronomy and cosmology
25.1 Standard candles
- Luminosity of a star
- Standard candle
25.2 Stellar radii
- Wien’s displacement law
25.3 Hubble’s law and the Big Bang theory
- Redshift
- Hubble’s law